For diagnosing exactly about defrost, engineers have to understand about electric defrost system. During refrigerating cycle, evaporator collects humidity in frost form, that humidity heap must removed periodically to maintain refrigerating temperature. If the frost let continuous formed, it will close airflow in evaporator fins, so then heat transfer does not occur and freezer and food temperature will increase.
To defrost, refrigerator must be defrosted. This defrost procedure can be done automatically or by hand. If done by hand, the way is as follows.
1. Remove all frozen food from the freezer and the tray of cold storage; pack that frozen food with some lining of newspaper paper in order not to soften.
2. Direct the damper, so that the defrost water go into the tray of cold storage.
3. Turn the temperature control dial to OFF position.
4. Put a high vessel that contain hot water in freezer and then close the refrigerator door.
5. If the refrigerator overall cleaned when defrosting, food and freezer equipment and inner tray of cold storage can be removed and inside of refrigerator can be cleaned.
6. After the frost melt down, rub the freezer until clean.
7. Do not use sharp tools like knife or ice clamper to scrape the frost, use dull tool like plastic or rubber.
8. Return the tray of cold storage and damper to initial position.
9. Install temperature control dial at initial position.
10. Return the frozen food, inner equipment and food. Suggest to customer for defrosting the freezer if the frost heap reach ¼ inch.
Timed defrost with heater spool, so far the most popular automatic way to defrost refrigerator is timed defrost method that use heater spool.
This defrost system type usually consists of four main part i.e. as follows.
A. Defrost Timer
This automatic timer will active if the refrigerator enters defrost cycle. Generally, defrost timer consists of a motor timer, a gear train, a cam of I set contact, a terminal board, a wire spool, plate of prop and a container box. At some models, defrost cycle is activated by the composition of door switch, a cam at underside of trip of a counter mechanic. If the door has been opened and closed many times as much as amount that has been determined before, for example 20 times, and then defrost operation start works. If not use method above, timer defrost system will work with same pattern with timer automatic.
B. Sheath or Defrost Heater
Sheath or defrost heater, is an electric heater element that defrost (stop cooling) evaporator. Most defrost heater have the rod type that planted at fins or radiant type that placed near evaporator. That both types are easy to be changed.
C. Defrost Thermostat or Limiter
This thermostat is usually bimetal type, that function controlling the duration time of heater that given to evaporator. This thermostat installed at certain place to feel evaporator temperature, so that it can give indication if all frost has removed. Most defrost thermostat will turn off if evaporator temperature reaches 55° until 70°F, defrost heater can not be recharge until bimetal limiter switch getting cold again until 30°F.
Because of this reason, if defrost limiter switch shifted too close to defrost heater, it can reaches cut off temperature too quick, so that all evaporators defrosted. This unit will return to freezing cycle with spool that has not defrosted all. After some cycles, evaporator will be covered by ice. Air cannot flows through closed spool to cool freezer and the refrigerator.
Generally, this heater is aluminum foil insulated blanket type and wrapped entire underside of drip through. This heater prevents defrost water freezing in drip through and possible to close drain and air flow to evaporator. Once again, the duration time of giving energy to this heater is determined by defrost thermostat. At model that use radiant heating element, no needs drip through heater. Radiant heating element located below evaporator and has function as evaporator heater and drip through heater.
To finish defrost operation, timer has to stop the fan motor of compressor and condenser to prevent hot air blowing to freezer area.
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